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West view of Sydney Cove taken from the Rocks, at the rear of the General Hospital 1793-94

From the collections of the
State Library of New South Wales
[a4635001 / DG V1/14]
(Dixson Galleries)

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Justinian Scarborough: Second Fleet Second Fleet
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First Government House
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Bennelong Point Sydney Cove
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East Circular Quay The Rocks
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State Library of New South Wales

Justinian

With no convicts on board, the second fleet store ship Justinian completed the voyage to Australia in just five months, entering Port Jackson on 20 June 1790. Justinian brought much needed provisions to the colony where the threat of starvation was great following the demise of the HMS Guardian. However, supplies were soon strained with the arrival of the three transport ships of sick and dying convicts.

Scarborough: Second Fleet

Scarborough sailed with the First and the Second Fleet and experienced an attempted mutiny both times. Charted by slave traders along with Neptune and Surprize, the Scarborough became part of the notorious 'death fleet', with around 73 of over 250 convicts dying on board and many hospitalised on arrival.

Second Fleet

The Second Fleet was a term later applied to the second wave of British convict transports and storeships sent to New South Wales in 1789-90. While one of its number failed to reach Sydney's shores, another earned the nickname 'floating brothel' and three other ships were tagged the 'Death Fleet'.

First Government House

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Residence for the first nine Governors of NSW, which was the first major building in the colony. The first permanent building in the colony, it had two storeys built of bricks and stone comprising six rooms, two cellars and a rear staircase. In front of the house was a garden where many imported plant species were grown and the first orchard planted. The Museum of Sydney, on the corner of Bridge and Phillip Streets, was built on its site.

Bennelong Point

Rocky outcrop to the east of Sydney Cove, which was a tidal island when Europeans arrived, but was joined to the mainland with rocky rubble in 1818 to provide a basis for Fort Macquarie to be built there. The point is named for Bennelong, who lived in a house on the point in the 1790s.

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Sydney Cove

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Small bay on the southern shore of Port Jackson, which became the site for the European settlement in Sydney.

East Circular Quay

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Area on the eastern shore of Sydney Cove to Bennelong Point.

The Rocks

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Suburb located north of the central business district on the western shore of Sydney Cove. Characterised by a precinct of restored nineteenth-century buildings which are a major tourist attraction, it was recognised as a separate suburb in 1993.

Military hospital

Hospital established by Governor Macquarie in 1815 just west of Fort Street on Observatory Hill. It remained in use until 1850 when the military moved to Victoria Barracks.

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