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Sydney Church and Regimental Mile from the Main Guard c1817

By
Edward Charles Close
From the collections of the
State Library of New South Wales
[a2821041 / PXA 1187]
(St Philip's church York Street and the Military Windmill, c1817)

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Christian church architecture Economy Windmills of Sydney
Subjects
Anglican Mills Religious building
Buildings
St Philip's Anglican church York Street
Places
Church Hill Wynyard Barracks
Structures
Military windmill

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Close, Edward Charles

State Library of New South Wales

Economy

With the arrival of Europeans, the traditional economy of Aboriginal clans was disrupted, and gave way to the convict economy of the Commissariat and government stores. But this closed economy was soon opened by free settlement, whaling and sealing, shipping and farming success, making Sydney the port for a vast hinterland. Depressions and booms alternated, bringing poverty and prosperity to the city. Sydney's growth and diversity mean that regional economies now exist within the Sydney region.

Christian church architecture

Church architecture in Sydney has at times been the most significant and exceptional in the architecture of Sydney. At other times, church denominations have settled on continuing a successful type, seeking to make a noticeable character across the region. As immigrants imported their traditions, they adapted to the materials and surroundings of the new country.

Windmills of Sydney

In the late eighteenth century, and well into the nineteenth century, the tallest structures around Sydney Cove were windmills. They left few physical remains, yet their presence left a lasting legacy in early colonial landscape art and the minds and hearts of many contemporaries.

Anglican

Religious building

Mills

St Philip's Anglican church York Street

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Anglican church built in 1855 on the site of the first and second St Philip's. Constructed of sandstone and slate in Victorian Academic Gothic style it is centre of the oldest parish in Australia. 

Church Hill

Hill above the western side of Sydney Cove where St Patrick's Catholic Church, the Scots Kirk and St Philip's Anglican Church are located.

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Military windmill

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The colony's second windmill, built in 1798 by the government on Church Hill at the point where Clarence and Grosvenor Street would intersect. It was destroyed in a storm in 1799, and rebuilt between 1801 and 1802. The mill continued to operate until the 1840s. It was known as the military windmill due to its proximity to the barracks.

Wynyard Barracks

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Barracks and parade ground constructed for the the military in the early days of the colony. They were used until the new Victoria Barracks were completed in 1848.