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  3. Paramatta River Sydney Harbour c1819-21

Paramatta River Sydney Harbour c1819-21

By
Major James Taylor
From the collections of the
State Library of New South Wales
[a1528797 / ML 942]
(Mitchell Library The third government windmill in front of Fort Phillip)

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Fort Phillip Lucas, Nathaniel Windmills of Sydney
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Mills
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Fort Phillip
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Observatory Hill
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Government Mill
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Millers Point The Rocks

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Taylor, Major James

State Library of New South Wales

Fort Phillip

Standing high on Windmill Hill above The Rocks, Fort Phillip was built to defend the colony from threats coming from the ocean to the east, and the hinterland to the west. Though the guns remained there until the 1820s, the fort was never finished, and was more useful as a signal and telegraph station by 1840, when it was partly demolished.

Lucas, Nathaniel

Convict, carpenter, miller, trader and family man, Nathaniel Lucas made good in the colony and founded a large family.

Windmills of Sydney

In the late eighteenth century, and well into the nineteenth century, the tallest structures around Sydney Cove were windmills. They left few physical remains, yet their presence left a lasting legacy in early colonial landscape art and the minds and hearts of many contemporaries.

Mills

Fort Phillip

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Hexagonal fort built on Windmill Hill from 1804, but never finished.

Observatory Hill

Hill at the top of The Rocks, west of Sydney Cove, which is the highest point overlooking Port Jackson. With commanding views both east and west, it was the site of one of Sydney's first windmills from 1796 before being replaced with a fort in 1803. By 1849 an observatory had also been constructed which can still be visited.

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Government Mill

Third government windmill which stood in front of Fort Phillip which was built for Governor King by Nathaniel Lucas. It was described as an octagonal smock mill with propellers rotating on a post to gain the best advantage from prevailing winds.

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The Rocks

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Suburb located north of the central business district on the western shore of Sydney Cove. Characterised by a precinct of restored nineteenth-century buildings which are a major tourist attraction, it was recognised as a separate suburb in 1993.

Millers Point

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Inner-city suburb on the western side of the Harbour Bridge's southern approaches. It was named for the windmills that were built on its heights, and their owner, John Leighton, known as Jack the Miller.