Mug shot of Eugenie Falleni 1920 Courtesy: Sydney Living Museums, Justice & Police Museum (FP07_0031_005)

As part of the 2017 Mardi Gras festival, there’s an interesting play showing at the Seymour Centre called The Trouble with Harry. The play revolves around the fascinating figure of Harry Crawford, who was convicted of murdering his wife in 1920. Harry was born a woman and was named Eugenia Falleni. Let’s take a look at the story.

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Eugenia Falleni was born in 1875 in Ardenza, Italy. Her family migrated to New Zealand when she was three years old. In 1898, she arrived in Sydney and shortly after gave birth to her daughter, Josephine, who was put into care. Falleni had been going by the name Eugene since her teens, dressing as a boy and working in labouring jobs, however, this would change to Harry Crawford shortly after her arrival in Sydney; an identity Eugenia maintained for the next 22 years. Harry Crawford liked to drink and worked manual jobs before he married Annie Birkett, a widow with a nine-year-old son, in 1913. The pair bought a confectionary store on Darling Street, Balmain and lived in the apartment above the shop. The business faltered, Harry resumed his heavy drinking and neighbours would later recall hearing arguments from their apartment. Added to this was the disturbance caused by the reappearance of Harry’s daughter, Josephine, who allegedly played a role in Annie’s discovery of Harry’s secret. On 1 October 1917, some eight months or so after this discovery, Annie and Harry had a picnic near Lane Cove River. According to Eugenia’s police statement made two years later, the pair argued and Annie slipped and fell backwards, hitting her head on a rock and dying within minutes. Harry panicked and burned Annie’s body for fear of being arrested for murder and exposed as a woman. Annie's body was identified in July 1920 and the trial of Eugenia Falleni, after police had uncovered Harry Crawford's secret, for her murder took place over two days in October 1920. Though by today’s standards a short trial, it was long for the 1920s and one that excited a lot of media attention. Falleni was found guilty and sentenced to death, which was commuted to life imprisonment. She served 11 years at Long Bay Gaol , assuming the name Jean Ford a few years before her release in 1931. She ran a boarding house in Paddington until June 1938, and had just sold it when she was struck by a motorcar on Oxford Street and died at Sydney Hospital the following day.

wp-image-13606 https://home.dictionaryofsydney.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Falleni_StateRecords.jpgEugene Falleni, Long Bay Photographic Description Book, 1928 - Rephotographed Courtesy NSW State Archives and Records (NRS 2496, No 741,[3/6004])450701/> Eugene Falleni, Long Bay Photographic Description Book, 1928 - Rephotographed Courtesy NSW State Archives and Records (NRS 2496, No 741,[3/6004])

To this day it is still unclear exactly what happened by the Lane Cove River almost 100 years ago. There have been questions raised about the quality of her legal representation and the sensational media coverage which probably contributed to the guilty verdict. Legal experts, including Mark Tedeschi AM QC who published a book about her case, have suggested if her trial was held today she would likely have been acquitted or, at most, convicted of manslaughter. Listen to Nicole & Nic here and tune in to 2SER Breakfast with Nic Healey on 107.3 every Wednesday morning at 8:15-8:20 am to hear more from the Dictionary of Sydney. The Trouble with Harry, by Lachlan Philpott, is on at the Seymour Centre from 16 February - 3 March. Bookings can be made here. You can see the entity and connections for Eugenia Falleni in the Dictionary here, and read more at the NSW State Archives & Records Office. Eugenia, by Mark Tedeschi was published by Simon & Schuster and is available here.

First page of the List of Female Convicts on board the Lady Penrhyn, from the journal of Arthur Bowes Smyth May 1787 Courtesy National Library of Australia (MS 4568)

The 6 February marked the anniversary of a night of salacious activity which took place at The Rocks in 1788, barely a fortnight after the First Fleet made landfall. Only problem is, this so-called ‘Scene of Debauchery & Riot’ never actually happened. 

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Historian Grace Karskens has written a compelling article for the Dictionary of Sydney on how the myth of Sydney’s foundational orgy came about and has lived on despite being fairly resoundingly debunked. One of this city’s most famous urban legends details the night of 6 February 1788, when the convict women of the ship Lady Penrhyn disembarked after their 13- month journey from England to Australia. After they stepped ashore, they and the convict men allegedly engaged in mass sexual congress, all fuelled by rum. The idea for this orgy story dates from about 1963, when historian Manning Clark wrote of the ‘drunken spree’ in his ‘Short History of Australia’. After checking his sources, Clark recanted on this description, however, the orgy story would find its way in some very famous works including Robert Hughes’ ‘The Fatal Shore’. The story was also told in works by Tim Flannery and Peter FitzSimons. There are many diarised accounts which provide fascinating insights into the journey and arrival of the First Fleet in Sydney. One of those accounts, by surgeon Arthur Bowes Smyth, seems to have been the source of the myth. Bowes Smyth described the scene after the women disembarked: ‘The Men Convicts got to them very soon after they landed, & it is beyond my abilities to give a just discription of the Scene of Debauchery & Riot that ensued during the night’. But Karskens notes the reason it was ‘beyond his abilities’ to adequately describe the night was because he wasn’t actually onshore; he was still aboard the Lady Penrhyn moored in Sydney Harbour. Bowes Smyth’s diary also frequently references the behaviour of the female convicts on the voyage, consistently framing them in sexual or deviant terms. In one excerpt, he said: ‘The greater part of them are so totally abandoned & callous'd to all sense of shame & even common decency’. More to the point, and contrary to the story of the orgy, in reality the convict men were not allowed alcohol at all. And even more telling is the fact that none of the other diarists described or even alluded to such activities taking place. In this world of ‘alternative histories’, as Karskens calls it, or ‘alternative facts’ as we’ve seen over the past few weeks, the story of Sydney’s foundational orgy lives on despite compelling evidence to the contrary. Listen to Nicole & Nic here and tune in to 2SER Breakfast with Nic Healey on 107.3 every Wednesday morning at 8:15-8:20 am to hear more from the Dictionary of Sydney.  

Definitely NOT an image of an orgy.... 'Black-eyed Sue and Sweet Poll of Plymouth taking leave of their lovers who are going to Botany Bay', London : Published by Rbt. Sayer & Co., 1792 Courtesy National Library of Australia (nla.obj-135226580)

   

Aboriginal Day of Mourning, 26 January 1938 Man magazine, March 1938 Courtesy Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW (a429002 / Q 059/9)

The debate about the name and date of Australia Day has been contested for a very long time, and remains as topical as ever. Many members of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community call it Survival Day, while for many others it’s Invasion Day. Let’s take a closer look at how this date and name has always generated fierce debate. Listen now January 26 was known as Anniversary Day in New South Wales until 1935. In 1818, Governor Lachlan Macquarie marked the 30th anniversary of the arrival of the First Fleet in Sydney Cove and the establishment of the colony with a 30-gun salute, a dinner for civil and military officers and a ball at First Government House. Convicts in government employ were granted a holiday and an extra ration of meat. From 1837 Anniversary regattas took place. Thousands of spectators would gather to watch the yachts race across Sydney Harbour; a race which continues today! The Sydney Morning Herald declared in 1848: ‘Most countries and colonies have their peculiar annual rejoicings, but we know of none where a greater abandonment to pleasure and diversion is evinced than in Sydney on the 26th of January.' The day first became known nationally as Australia Day in 1935 (when it was officially celebrated on Monday the 28th), but  wasn’t marked consistently across the country until 1994.

1788 - 1938 150 Years of Progress poster vy Charles Meere Courtesy: National LIbrary of Australia (nla.pic-an7944958)

On 26 January 1938, 150 years after the First Fleet made landfall at Sydney Cove, about 100 Aboriginal men, women and children gathered in a hall on Elizabeth Street in Sydney. They called the event a Day of Mourning and Protest saying the day ‘is not a day of rejoicing for Australia's Aborigines...This festival of 150 years of so-called 'progress' in Australia commemorates also 150 years of misery and degradation imposed upon the original native inhabitants by the white invaders of this country.’ The protest was the first national Aboriginal civil rights gathering. And the protests would continue. In 1988 during the Bicentenary activities, there was a re-enactment of the arrival of the First Fleet from Botany Bay to Circular Quay. Meanwhile a march from Redfern Oval to Hyde Park took place celebrating 200 years of Aboriginal survival. Later, crowds gathered at La Perouse for an all-night festival with fires and dancing. By 1992 this gathering had become formalised as the Survival Day Concert. For many decades, protests and debate around this date and its name have characterised Australia Day activities, including the more recent Change the Date campaign. It is an important day and one during which we should think about history and the role it plays for many in the broader community. Listen to Nicole & Nic here and tune in to 2SER Breakfast with Nic Healey on 107.3 every Wednesday morning at 8:15-8:20 am to hear more from the Dictionary of Sydney. You can also hear Nic's conversation with proud Wannadilyakwa woman Emily Wurramara on what January 26 means for Indigenous Australians Listen now Other links: Australia Day Amnesty International Barani: Sydney's Aboriginal History

Lisa Murray, Sydney Cemeteries, A Field Guide 

NewSouth, Sydney, 2016, paperback $34.99

Written by Dr Lisa Murray (the City of Sydney Historian, the Dictionary's former chair, a Dictionary author and one of our regular radio presenters on 2SER), with gorgeous contemporary photographs by another Dictionary author Dr Mark Dunn and a beautifully thorough index by Dictionary volunteer Dr Neil Radford, this is a book close to our hearts and minds. This beautifully presented, written and researched guide to most of the cemeteries around Sydney is perfect for Sydney's history lovers who fancy exploring cemeteries near and far, either in person with picnic in tow, or from the comfort of their favourite chair. Sydney Cemeteries is arranged around regions of Sydney (East, South, Inner West, Parramatta, North, North West, Outer West, Hawkesbury  and South West), and includes maps with the locations of each cemetery discussed. Each entry points out notable burials, details of the history of the cemetery, information about the symbolism you might encounter in the grave markers and interesting epitaphs to look out for, with tips for further reading and suggestions for family historians.  As well as a crash course in the identification of cemetery memorials, Lisa has included Top 5 lists throughout the book - for example, the Top 5 Cemeteries for Picnics, Top 5 Floral Displays, Top 5 Tools of Trade Gravestones and the Top 5 Cemeteries for Bird Watching. This has been a real labour of love for Lisa and her passion for the subject shows on every page. The book is written in a light, conversational and personal style but doesn't stint on the history and information. As with all good guides, the reader is entertained and beguiled. As she says in her introduction, Lisa does indeed know a thing or two about cemeteries, and in her usual generous, charming style, has written a lovely book which shares her knowledge and enthusiasm. Lisa's entries for the Dictionary on Death and Dying in Sydney in the 19th and 20th Centuries, as well as the city's first state funeral, can all be found here. Available from all good bookstores! Click here to go to the NewSouth website to purchase online.  

David Hunt, True Girt The Unauthorised History of Australia. Volume 2

Black Inc Books, 2016, ISBN 9781863958844, RRP $32.99, Paperback

‘Australian history is almost always picturesque; indeed, it is so curious and strange, that it is itself the chiefest novelty the country has to offer and so pushes the other novelties into second and third place. It does not read like history, but like the most beautiful lies; and all of a fresh new sort, no mouldy old stale ones. It is full of surprises and adventures, and incongruities, and contradictions, and incredibilities; but they are all true, they all happened.’ Mark Twain, Following the Equator, 1897. In 2013 David Hunt’s best-selling, award winning first book Girt delighted readers with its fresh, surprising and slyly humorous take on the early history of New South Wales. The book covered the period from before the arrival of the First Fleet and up until the time of Governor Macquarie – the final chapter humorously entitled ‘I Think I’ll Call It Macquarie’ – bank, street, place, park, river etc etc etc. Girt was indeed as Twain surmised, ‘full of surprises and adventures and incongruities and contradictions and incredibilities’. In True Girt, Volume 2 Hunt continues this take on Australian history. This is a much bigger book than Volume One. In it he delves into the wild frontiers of white colonial expansion – the early settlement of Van Diemen’s Land, the genesis of Melbourne and the emergence of settler communities in Western Australia, South Australia and up to the tropical North. Along the way the reader is treated to the trials and tribulations of our fated and yet sometimes tragic explorers who made this colonial expansion possible – Sturt, Mitchell, Hume, Horell, Leichhardt, Stuart, Burke and Wills to name just a few. The history is fleshed out with the outrageous antics of convict bushrangers and feral whalers, the familiar colonial figures of Caroline Chisholm, John Macarthur and William Wentworth, the politics behind the calls for representative government, free immigration and the end to convict transportation. The struggles which this entailed between pro’s and anti’s, Exclusives and Emancipists are also charted. Hunt successfully weaves all of this amidst a backdrop of both the political and social changes then developing in Britain, juxtaposed with the general scandalous goings on of colonial Sydney – drunken debauchery, extra marital affairs, illegitimacy and seething professional rivalries between certain colonial gentlemen with scurrilous and libellous tendencies. True Girt covers the discovery of gold, first in NSW and later in Victoria and brightly illuminates its enormous significance in shaping Australia. Gold put an end to convict transportation to the eastern colonies (the British Government were never going to provide a free passage to its felons to the goldfields!) AND it transformed both the size and the ethnic diversity of the eastern colonies. For example between 1851 and 1861, the population of Victoria ‘leaped from 77,000 to an outstanding 540, 000 inhabitants. There were more arrivals in the first two years of the rush than there were convicts in the first sixty five years of British settlement, with Australia’s population tripling by 1861’.[i] Unfortunately, as Hunt well observes, the mixture of races on the goldfields would also lead to conflict, the passing of the first immigration restriction acts and the demonising of ‘boat people’. The book closes with the bush ranging years of the Kelly Gang, the frustrations of the Irish and the subsequent calls for land reforms. But not before the reader is introduced to Captain Moonlite, ‘Australia’s most infamous LGBTI bushranger.’[ii] As with Girt mark one, the footnotes are often really rather amusing. Hunt’s technique of a small and irreverent, and yet informative note at the end of a page can make one laugh (and indeed snort) out loud. Even while reading in a public library. In essence, volume two is a fascinating, curious, at times ‘unbelievable because it’s true’ sort of book. It is meticulously researched although his sources are only mentioned briefly in the acknowledgments at the close of the book, rather than in a formal bibliography. But as a white English woman there were moments when I sat awkward and squirming at his take on Aboriginal history and frontier violence. I have no idea how Aboriginal readers will digest this book either. To the credit of the author he does acknowledge that in writing some parts of the book, ‘particularly some sections dealing with Indigenous people’ he found the process ‘both difficult and distressing.’ At the same time he manages ‘to use humour to both engage and inform’ and certainly satirizes Keith Windschuttle’s thesis on frontier violence with great gusto. As Hunt himself writes, ‘Satire should discomfort as well as amuse, as the verities it unearths are frequently unpleasant. I have succeeded with this book if I’ve made people laugh and squirm at the same time or laugh and then feel bad about laughing.’[iii] For some reason both volumes one and two have front covers with rather strange pictures of men with birds on their heads. Volume one is Governor Arthur Phillip with a seagull, whilst volume two is Captain Moonlit with a squawking cockatoo. Why the books have these images one can only surmise.  Perhaps they are a nod to the curious and strange novelties and absurdities noted by Twain and captured so vividly and engagingly in this wonderful, at times confronting, but always fascinating book. And just for the record, I can’t wait for Volume Three….   Dr Catie Gilchrist January 2017 [i] David Hunt, True Girt The Unauthorised History of Australia, Volume 2, Black Inc, 2016, p 282 [ii] David Hunt, True Girt The Unauthorised History of Australia, Volume 2, Black Inc, 2016, p 389 [iii] David Hunt, True Girt The Unauthorised History of Australia, Volume 2, Black Inc, 2016, p 414

Cleaning the clock on Sydney Town Hall, 21 April 1937 Courtesy City of Sydney Archives (NSCA CRS 46/2/32)

As of December 2016, the Dictionary of Sydney office is no longer based at Benledi House on Glebe Point Road. We are sad to be leaving our fellow Benledi residents and this great community, and encourage you all to head down Glebe Point Road to check out the newly refurbished Glebe Library, wander through the gorgeous St Helen's community garden, get a delicious poppyseed danish from a local cafe and visit one of the loveliest florists in the city.

Without the City of Sydney's financial and in-kind support over the last ten years, the Dictionary of Sydney would not exist, and we want to express our gratitude and appreciation for the opportunity the City has provided to bring this dream project into being.

We are still working with a team at the State Library of New South Wales on migrating the Dictionary of Sydney website onto a new platform which will be hosted there, and look forward to announcing its completion.

If sending mail to the Dictionary of Sydney, until further notice please use the mailing address PO Box 23, Glebe NSW 2037.

If you need to make a larger delivery, please use the contact form or email us at info (at) dictionaryofsydney.org and we will be in touch to work out an alternative delivery address. The Dictionary is only staffed on a part-time basis but we will reply to you as soon as possible.

Thank you to all of our Dictionary readers, contributors, supporters, listeners and volunteers for making the Dictionary of Sydney such an amazing resource. We wish you all a very happy New Year. Here's to 2017!

Linda & Jacqueline

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Advertisement for Watkins and Sparrow, Ice Importers 22 March 1853, Sydney Morning Herald 22 March 1853, p.3

Welcome back to the Dictionary on 2ser radio in 2017! This week Lisa & Nic talked about ice... Listen now We've been in heatwave conditions lately, and there is nothing like an icy cold drink to quench your thirst. We didn't always have refrigerators, and even the mechanical production of ice was very difficult. So a cold drink on a summer's day in the 19th century was a rare and beautiful thing. Would you believe, there was once an international trade in frozen water (natural ice)!!!! We have a great entry in the Dictionary of Sydney on Sydney's first ice by Nigel Isaacs. And it includes some fabulous advertisements and images. Ice first arrived in Sydney on 16 January 1839 after a voyage of four months and five days from Boston. About 250 tons arrived, although reportedly 400 tons was sent – the rest had melted on the journey. For six years (1839-1840 and 1853-1856) natural ice kept Sydneysiders and their food cool during summer, introducing them to such delights as ‘iced sherry cobblers’ and ‘iced brandy smashers’ as well as iced lemonade and soda water. In 1853 the ambitious merchants Frederick Watkins & Walter Sparrow informed the public through the Sydney Morning Herald that they had introduced into the Australian market "one of the greatest luxuries in a hot climate, namely a cargo of the best quality Boston ice." They went on to expound the delights and benefits of ice. Its liberal use in water "imparts a liveliness not previously possessed". "Those who have already experienced the grateful influence of its use, in the manufacture of Ice cream, the hardening of butter, the cooling of the various kinds of beverages, viz., water, wines, beer, lemonade, soda water, fruits, &c, &c, will not require much persuasion to avail of the present opportunity, and those who have not, should not let it pass unheeded." It was extremely popular in 1855 when on one January day the thermometer hit 44 degrees Celsius. But for the savvy entrepreneurs who gambled their fortunes in a highly risky business, we would not have fridges and freezers in every home or readily available cool drinks and ice creams. Ice brought dramatic improvements in food hygiene, enabled fresh and frozen food exports and led to the development of new industries such as the thermal insulation used in today’s buildings and appliances. When the ice trade with Boston suddenly stopped, it was not because of a fall in interest but because advances in technology permitted the manufacture of ice closer to home. From 1857, manufactured ice traveled to Sydney by ship from Melbourne but from 1864 the Sydney Ice Company’s works, located on West Street, Darlinghurst, provided a local source, free from the vagaries of transport or weather. Click here to go the Sydney's First Ice in the Dictionary of Sydney And in case you are wondering what is in a Sherry Cobbler, here's a recipe from page 41 of the Australian Town and Country Journal, from Saturday 24 Dec 1898. Another list of popular summer drinks (including a Cherry Cobbler) and their ingredients published on page 530 or the Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser, Saturday 24 September 1881. And this advertisement from page 4 of the Sydney Morning Herald on 13 November 1951 gives us a hint of what a Brandy Smasher may have held. Isn't Trove wonderful?! Listen to Lisa & Nic here and tune in to 2SER Breakfast with Nic Healey on 107.3 every Wednesday morning at 8:15-8:20 am to hear more from the Dictionary of Sydney.  

Sydenham Pit and Drainage Pumping Station No.1 in 1948 Pic: Sydney Water

This week on 2SER, special guest Dr Megan Hicks, Dictionary of Sydney author, museum consultant,  Adjunct Fellow with the Urban Studies Program at Western Sydney University and lover of urban imaginaries and neglected places, joined Nic to talk about an Inner West landmark that has fascinated many window-gazing passengers on trains coming into Sydenham Railway Station from the city.            

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Hidden in plain view amongst the back streets of the Marrickville Industrial area is a remarkable structure called the Sydenham Drainage Pit. Also known as the Sydenham Stormwater Basin, it is open to the sky and is bordered on three sides by warehouses and industrial buildings, and on the fourth side by the railway line just north of Sydenham Station. It is sunk into the ground below sea level and is approximately 9 metres deep, 170 x 125 metres in area, and has a water capacity of 100 ML (mega litres). Its associated Pumping Station is a reinforced concrete building perched on concrete fins 12 metres high above one corner of the pit. The purpose of the pit and pumping station is to prevent the whole of the surrounding area from flooding.

'The Inundations at Marrickville: Rescuing the Homeless' May 1889 Illustrated Sydney News, 6 June 1889 p 14 via Trove

The area known as Marrickville Valley was once the site of a large natural wetland called the Gumbramorra Swamp that was linked to the nearby Cooks River via the Gumbramorra Creek. This wetland was fed by numerous ephemeral creeks and covered a wide area in the wet season, but shrank during dry periods. When the area was urbanised during the 1880s the creeks were diverted into underground pipes or open stormwater drains and the swamp was reclaimed. However there continued to be flooding problems because the land is low and flat and rainwater could not drain away to the Cooks River quickly enough. To alleviate this flooding problem the Sydenham Drainage Pit and Pumping Station No.001 were built during the 1930s.  The large scale, labour-intensive excavation project was undertaken by the NSW Public Works Department to provide relief work for the unemployed during the Great Depression. It was handed over to the Metropolitan Water, Sewerage and Drainage Board (now Sydney Water) in 1941.

Construction on the stormwater pit in Garden Street Sydenham 26 July 1935 Courtesy Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW (hood_12569 / Home and Away 12569)

In wet weather, water flows down a system of channels and pours into the Drainage Pit through outlets in its southeast corner and in the centre of its western edge. With water in the pit, the pumping station goes into action, pumping water at a manageable rate into Marrickville's Eastern Stormwater Channel, which empties into the Cooks River near Tempe Station. Just north of the Drainage Pit is the proposed site of Sydney Metro's Marrickville dive site and this is where two tunnel boring machines will be launched. It is at this point that the Chatswood to Sydenham component of Sydney Metro City & Southwest will emerge from underground after passing beneath Sydney CBD. It has not yet been resolved how this major construction will affect drainage into the pit and its associated stormwater channels. The Drainage Pit and the Pumping Station are heritage listed. The pit is lined with brick and over this its sloping sides are faced with sandstone blocks. In heritage statements the concrete pumping station is described as being built in the Inter-War Mediterranean Domestic Style with a tiled gable roof. Its original three 1930s Metropolitan Vickers pumps are still in working order. To pre-empt graffiti taggers, Sydney Water and Marrickville Council commissioned street artist Sid Tapia in 2014 to paint a mural on the wall of the Pumping Station facing the railway line. Called 'Let it Shine', the mural features a laughing young girl with arms outstretched and dozens of colourful balloons floating through the air. Together the Drainage Pit and Pumping Station form an impressive sight. They are clearly visible from the train just north of Sydenham Station and they can also be viewed from Garden Street in Marrickville. It is particularly exciting to watch water gushing into the pit after heavy or prolonged rain. During extensive heavy rain in 1986 the basin was close to overtopping.

'Let it Shine' mural by Sid Tapia at Sydenham Drainage Pit, March 2015. Photo: Megan Hicks http://www.meganix.net/pavement/

Acknowledgments Many thanks to Phil Bennett, heritage adviser, and John Breen, hydro engineer and honorary historian, Sydney Water, for their informative tours of this and other Sydney Water sites. Megan Hicks December 2016                         References Gray, S, 2013, 'Marrickville Valley Flood Study – Final Report', WMA Water, https://www.marrickville.nsw.gov.au/Global/Community/Transport%20and%20infrastructure/Stormwater%20and%20flood%20management/MarrickvilleValleyFloodStudyFinalReport-Web.pdf Inner West Council, 2016, 'Flood management in Marrickville' https://www.marrickville.nsw.gov.au/en/community/transport-and-infrastructure/stormwater/flood-management/ Meader, Chrys, 2008, 'Sydenham', Dictionary of Sydney  http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/sydenham Office of Environment and Heritage, 2000, 'Sydenham Pit & Drainage Pumping Station 1' http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5053883 Pogson, Jenny, 2014, 'Sydenham’s street art the backdrop for American drag queen Adore Delano’s music video', Inner West Courier Inner City, 16 July 16 2014 http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/inner-west/sydenhams-street-art-the-backdrop-for-american-drag-queen-adore-delanos-music-video/news-story/a51d8d33897d268b3c094dd98de05e67 Sydney Metro, [2016], 'Marrickville Dive Site' http://www.sydneymetro.info/station/marrickville-dive-site Sydney Water, [2003], 'Sydenham Pit & Drainage Pumping Station No.001' https://www.sydneywater.com.au/SW/water-the-environment/what-we-re-doing/Heritage-search/heritage-detail/index.htm?heritageid=4571743     Listen to Megan & Nic here and tune in to 2SER Breakfast with Nic Healey on 107.3 every Wednesday morning at 8:15-8:20 am to hear more from the Dictionary of Sydney.